Adam Musiał
The wartime trajectories of Józef Klotz, Leon Sperling and Józef Lustgarten mirrored the fates of many other Polish Jews.

Adam Musiał
The wartime trajectories of Józef Klotz, Leon Sperling and Józef Lustgarten mirrored the fates of many other Polish Jews.
Alicja Ptak
Poland’s energy transition is being held back by its legacy as a major coal producer and political inaction.
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Anna Gmiterek-Zabłocka
Critics says the policy was rolled out too quickly, limited teachers’ autonomy, and has not helped pupils.
Daniel Tilles & Andżelika Cibor
Young Poles vote at a higher rate than older ones, bucking the international trend.
Aleks Szczerbiak
The new president will destabilise, and act as the centre of resistance to, the government.
Daniel Tilles & Stanley Bill
Though derided by critics as Kaczyński’s “pen”, Duda leaves office as Poland’s most-trusted politician.
Aleks Szczerbiak
Defeat in the presidential election has scuppered the ruling coalition’s plans to reset its reform agenda.
Olivier Sorgho
Karol Nawrocki is united with the government on defence spending, but they may clash over Ukraine and the EU.
Alicja Ptak
Once one of Europe’s poorest states, Poland is now on track to match Spain and Italy.
Małgorzata Tomczak
Opposition figures have falsely claimed the centres are intended to house irregular immigrants.
Alicja Ptak
How did voters split by age, sex and education – and how did eliminated candidates’ supporters vote?
Daniel Tilles
His triumph is a huge blow to the ruling coalition, but also raises questions for the conservative opposition.
Olivier Sorgho
Over half of young voters supported anti-establishment presidential candidates.
Aleks Szczerbiak
The government’s ability to implement key policies and reforms will depend on who wins the run-off.