The figure fell to 1.1 in 2024, well below the “replacement rate” of 2.1 needed to prevent population decline.
Daniel Tilles
![How Nawrocki won a remarkable presidential victory – and what it means for Poland [Opinion]](https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/RK250525_0524289_50-1080x675.jpg)
How Nawrocki won a remarkable presidential victory – and what it means for Poland [Opinion]
Daniel Tilles
His triumph is a huge blow to the ruling coalition, but also raises questions for the conservative opposition.
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Over 64,000 sign petition demanding education minister be fired for saying “Polish Nazis” built camps
Barbara Nowacka has apologised for the remarks, which she said were a “slip of the tongue”. But the opposition wants her to be fired.
Polish astronaut to take pierogi into space on mission to ISS
Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski has worked with a Polish family firm to freeze dry the dumplings so that they can be taken on the mission.
President Duda signs government budget but sends parts to constitutional court
The decision may further deepen Poland’s constitutional crisis, given that the government does not recognise the court’s legitimacy.
Polish delivery giant InPost to invest £600m in expanding UK operations
InPost delivered 93.2 million parcels in the UK in 2024, double the figure achieved in the previous year.
Polish army avoiding bison collisions with help of new app
There has been only one such incident in the last six months.
Polish justice minister requests lifting immunity of former PM Morawiecki to face criminal charge
He is accused of abusing his powers, a crime that carries a potential prison sentence of up to three years.
AI-generated “challahorse” takes Polish internet by storm after some users think it is genuine
The horse-shaped bread has also been used as a warning of the dangers posed by AI-generated images.
Polish opposition accuse Zelensky of “interfering” in presidential election in favour of government candidate
During a visit to Warsaw, Zelensky appeared to aim criticism at the opposition candidate and presented an award to Tusk’s candidate.
Concern as Poland included on US list of countries with restricted AI chip exports
The new measures “constitute a long-term problem” for Poland, says a deputy digital affairs minister.
Polish opposition presidential candidate would end tradition of lighting Hanukkah candles
The practice was started in 2006 by the late President Lech Kaczyński and has continued since.
Polish government defends plans to allow internet content to be blocked without court approval
The conservative opposition have accused the government of wanting to introduce online censorship.
Poland supports Trump call for NATO members to spend 5% of GDP on defence
Poland is already NATO’s biggest relative spender, devoting 4.12% of GDP to defence in 2024, which is set to rise to 4.7% this year.
