Large decline in student visas issued by Poland after clampdown

The number of visas issued to foreign students in Poland has declined significantly this year while the proportion of applications being rejected has increased. The largest number of refusals were issued to applicants from Iraq, Nigeria and Turkey.

The development follows a clampdown by the new government after evidence of abuses in the system under the previous administration. It is believed that student visas were often used as a backdoor to come to work in Poland or to gain access to the European Schengen Area.

But there are now concerns that the new restrictions will cause problems for Polish universities that rely on the tuition fees of foreign students as a source of income.

By the end of August this year – around one month before the start of the new academic year – Poland had issued around 8,200 student visas, according to data from the foreign ministry obtained by the Rzeczpospolita daily. That was down from 14,700 in the whole of 2023 and 26,500 in 2022.

Meanwhile, this year almost 38% of decisions issued on student visa applications have been negative, compared to 30% in 2023 and 18% in 2022. In 2020, the figure was as low as 8%.

The countries that recorded the highest numbers of refusals were Iraq (704), Nigeria (497), Turkey (479), Ethiopia (270), Bangladesh (247) and Pakistan (246). In the case of Bangladesh, around 70% of applications were rejected. The majority of successful applications, as in previous years, come from Ukraine and Belarus.

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The declining visa numbers and rising rejection rates have come after reports began to emerge last year of widespread irregularities in Poland’s visa system, including claims that corruption had allowed some applications to expedite application processes.

A report by the state audit office that was leaked to a newspaper this week found that the former Law and Justice (PiS) government, which ruled Poland from 2015 until the end of 2023, had overseen an “unlawful, corruption-prone” visa system.

Among the auditors’ findings was that, due to IT failings, it is impossible to verify whether 17,000 student visas were issued correctly because the necessary information was not entered into the system and relevant documents were only stored by the foreign ministry for a year.

In May this year, a white paper prepared by the foreign and interior ministries under the new government that replaced PiS in office likewise pointed to irregularities in the student visa system.

“Foreigners have abused the overly easy recruitment [process] to study in Poland, and their real purpose of entry was to work or emigrate to other Schengen countries,” reads the document

Rzeczpospolita notes that around half of foreign students in Poland did not make it to the second year of their studies.

Subsequently, at the end of July, foreign minister Radosław Sikorski introduced stricter guidelines for consulates when assessing student visa applications. They can now require the applicant to have a decision issued by a Polish education board recognising their foreign diplomas.

The development has led to concern that Polish universities will suffer amid a decline in lucrative tuition fees from foreign students.

A spokesman for the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, one of Poland’s two best colleges, told Rzeczpospolita that its recruitment of foreign students was down only very slightly compared to last year. But it remains to be seen “how many of them will actually show up for classes on 1 October”, he added.

However, it is private universities – rather than public ones like the Jagiellonian – that are seen as most at risk. At the Academy of Applied Sciences in Lublin, 72% of all students are from abroad. At the Vistula University of Finance and Business in Warsaw, 57% are.

Krzysztof Szymański, who works for an agency, Marhaba Poland, that helps recruit foreign students to Polish universities, told Rzeczpospolita that the new rules “were introduced at the wrong time, during the recruitment process at universities, without consulting them”.

“This has a terrible impact on the reputation of our country,” he added, predicting that, as a result of the changes, the number of foreign students coming to Poland – which has boomed in recent years – could fall by 40-50%.

Main image credit: NAWA/MNISW (under CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 PL)

Alicja Ptak

Alicja Ptak is senior editor at Notes from Poland and a multimedia journalist. She previously worked for Reuters.