Two Holocaust scholars have won an appeal against a Polish court ruling ordering them to apologise to the relative of a man whom they said had been involved in the murder of Jews. “Interference in academic research” is not the role of a court, said the judge.
In a case that drew international concerns over academic freedom in Poland, Barbara Engelking, director of the Polish Centre for Holocaust Research, and Jan Grabowski, professor of history at the University of Ottawa, were sued over their book Night Without End: The Fate of Jews in Selected Counties of Occupied Poland.
The publication included a claim that Edward Malinowski, a village mayor, had during the war stolen from a Jewish woman he rescued and had also been involved in the deaths of other Jews in hiding. His 80-year-old niece, Filomena Leszczyńska, took the scholars to court, accusing them of defaming her deceased uncle.
In February, the district court in Warsaw agreed with Leszczyńska, ordering Engelking and Grabowski to apologise for publishing “inaccurate information” and “damaging a man’s good name”. The scholars appealed that ruling, and Warsaw’s court of appeal has now overturned the earlier verdict in a binding decision.
In justifying today’s ruling, judge Joanna Wiśniewska-Sadomska wrote that Leszczyńska’s demand for the scholars’ research to be assessed in court “constitutes an unacceptable interference in the freedom of academic research and freedom of expression”, reports Dziennik Gazeta Prawna.
The Polish League Against Defamation (Reduta Dobrego Imienia), a conservative NGO that helped Leszczyńska bring her case, today pledged to “continue fighting”. Its president, Maciej Świrski, said they would file for cassation, the highest form of appeal.
A @NewYorker article suggesting that Poland was responsible for 3 million Jewish deaths in WW2 has been widely criticised, including by @AuschwitzMuseum.
The author, @mashagessen, says critics, some of whom sent death threats, have misunderstood the text https://t.co/nMR9pkrD62
— Notes from Poland 🇵🇱 (@notesfrompoland) March 29, 2021
February’s ruling – and the very fact that scholars were being taken to court over their research – drew international concern. Many saw it as part of the Polish government’s “historical policy”, which seeks to promote positive aspects of the country’s past and downplay negative ones.
Writing in The New Yorker, Masha Gessen claimed that “historians [are] under attack for exploring Poland’s role in the Holocaust” as part of the “government’s ongoing effort to exonerate Poland”. However, Gessen’s article was itself widely criticised for distortions and inaccuracies, and parts of it were withdrawn.
Speaking about the issue to NfP in February, Jakub Kumoch – then Poland’s ambassador to Turkey and now a senior aide to President Andrzej Duda – noted that the case against Grabowski and Engelking was not brought by a state entity (though the League Against Defamation has separately received state funding).
In an interview, Poland's ambassador to Turkey @JakubKumoch discusses the actions of Poles towards Jews during World War Two – including efforts by Polish diplomats to save them – and the recent court case in Poland against two prominent Holocaust scholars https://t.co/vyb5sMvCWR
— Notes from Poland 🇵🇱 (@notesfrompoland) February 26, 2021
Main image credit: Dawid Zuchowicz / Agencja Gazeta
Daniel Tilles is editor-in-chief of Notes from Poland. He has written on Polish affairs for a wide range of publications, including Foreign Policy, POLITICO Europe, EUobserver and Dziennik Gazeta Prawna.
