The figure fell to 1.1 in 2024, well below the “replacement rate” of 2.1 needed to prevent population decline.
Daniel Tilles
![How Nawrocki won a remarkable presidential victory – and what it means for Poland [Opinion]](https://notesfrompoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/RK250525_0524289_50-1080x675.jpg)
How Nawrocki won a remarkable presidential victory – and what it means for Poland [Opinion]
Daniel Tilles
His triumph is a huge blow to the ruling coalition, but also raises questions for the conservative opposition.
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US senators accuse Poland of “democratic backsliding” and “undermining media freedom”
The bipartisan group criticised a proposed law that would restrict foreign media ownership.
Polish nationalists march against “LGBT totalitarianism” on anniversary of WWII uprising
One of the march’s organisers also took down an EU flag.
Belarusian Olympian enters Polish embassy in Tokyo after Poland offers asylum
Krystsina Tsimanouskaya claims Belarus tried to force her to return home against her will after she criticised the authorities.
“Judicial reforms haven’t lived up to expectations,” admits Polish PM, hinting at ECJ compliance
“The operation of the disciplinary chamber can and should be reviewed,” says Mateusz Morawiecki.
Polish disciplinary chamber for judges is not lawful, rules European rights court
It violates the right to a fair trial, says the ECHR.
“University for Poles”: nationalists protest growing foreign student numbers
They say that it comes at the expense of Polish students and taxpayers.
Under 2% of Covid deaths in Poland this summer were fully vaccinated
Health ministry data indicate that fully vaccinated people have a much lower chance of infection and death.
EU gives Poland deadline to implement ECJ rulings or face fines
In response, a Polish deputy justice minister accused Brussels of “acting in bad faith and violating the [EU] treaties”.
Polish government picks Catholic universities to train teachers for compulsory school ethics classes
The education minister wants to make ethics obligatory for pupils who opt out of Catholic catechism classes.
“No risk of Polexit” from EU, says Polish PM amid Brussels row
His government says it has no plans to implement two CJEU rulings.
“Jews are behind the pandemic,” chant crowd at Polish anti-vaccine protest
Separately, the far-right Confederation shared a video of a supporter saying she “does not want Jewry” in Poland.
Polish government “not planning” to implement EU court rulings
However, the European Commission says it expects Poland to “fully respect and implement” them.
